Abstract
Diatom, rock magnetic, geochemical, and lithological studies of a sediment core from Paramushir Island (northern Kuril Archipelago) trace environmental shifts from bog to salt-water lagoon to freshwater lake over the past 10,000 14C BP. Organic-rich mesic landscapes dominated the southern island until ~8200 14C BP. Transgression of the Sea of Okhotsk onto the island began sometime after 8200 14C BP, resulting in the formation first of a salty (~8200–5700 14C BP) then a brackish (~5700–5200 14C BP) lagoon. With lowering of sea level after 5200 14C BP, a freshwater lake formed, which has remained to the present day. This history parallels regional trends in the Russian Far East, where maximum sea levels occurred between ~8000 and 4600 14C BP, peaking at ~6400 14C BP. Sandy levels within the lake core suggest four intervals of aeolian activity (~4900–4800 14C BP; 4300–3800 14C BP; 3200–3000 14C BP; 1900–900 14C BP), perhaps related to drier than present climates. Palynological data indicate a dominance of Pinus pumila–Duschekia kamtschatica shrub tundra in the lowlands ~8200–5800 14C BP, marking the Holocene thermal maximum. This vegetation contrasts to modern, which established ~5800 14C BP and is a mix of coastal meadow, Betula–Salix low shrub tundra, and scattered Pinus and Duschekia thickets. The palynological record shows little response to mid-to-late Holocene climatic fluctuations except for a decrease in Pinus shrubs perhaps caused by changes in snow cover and/or summer temperature during the Little Ice Age.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the: U.S. National Science Foundation (ARC-0508109; Ben Fitzhugh, PI); Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (15-05-06420, 14-05-00573 to Lozhkin and Minyuk); Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (15-I-2-067, 15-I-6-073 Lozhkin and Minyuk; 15-I-6-073 Cherepanova). Additional support was provided by the University of Washington Center for Study of Demography and Ecology under the support from a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research infrastructure grant (R24 HD042828), the Sakhalin Regional Museum (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia), and the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMGG: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, IVS: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), the Hokkaido University Museum (Sapporo, Japan), and the Historical Museum of Hokkaido (Sapporo, Japan). We thank Julya Korzun and William Brown for help in data and manuscript preparation and Tatiana Solomatkina for palynological analysis. We also thank two unnamed reviewers for their helpful comments.
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Anderson, P., Minyuk, P., Lozhkin, A. et al. A multiproxy record of Holocene environmental changes from the northern Kuril Islands (Russian Far East). J Paleolimnol 54, 379–393 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-015-9858-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-015-9858-y